Answer:
C: almost solely through air attacks led by the Luftwaffe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Battle of Britain, which took place during World War II in 1940, was primarily fought in the skies over the United Kingdom. The Germans, led by the Luftwaffe (the German air force), hoped to defeat the English (the British) through a relentless and massive aerial bombardment of Britain. This strategy was known as the Blitz, and it involved intensive bombing campaigns targeting British cities, infrastructure, and airfields.
The Germans did not attempt a massive naval invasion of Scotland (option a) during the Battle of Britain. There was no secret alliance with the Irish (option b) that played a significant role in this battle. Simultaneous attacks from Norway and France (option d) did occur during World War II but were part of different campaigns and not the primary strategy for defeating Britain during the Battle of Britain. Submarine warfare (option e) was utilized by the Germans in the Battle of the Atlantic but was not the main focus of their efforts in the Battle of Britain. Instead, the primary aim was to gain air superiority over Britain to prepare for a potential invasion (which never materialized) and to weaken British morale and resources through aerial bombing.