The most common disease of the urinary tract is urinary tract infection (UTI), which can affect various parts of the urinary system, including the bladder, urethra, and, less commonly, the kidneys.
The combination of parenchymal (kidney tissue), caliceal (renal calyx), and pelvic (renal pelvis) inflammation is often seen in a condition called pyelonephritis, which is a type of UTI that specifically affects the kidneys. Pyelonephritis can lead to inflammation and infection in these different parts of the kidney and is usually caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract.