Final answer:
In the field of sociology, a 'group' refers to individuals connected by shared characteristics that define their social interactions. Sociologists explore these groups to understand societal dynamics and personal identities, especially as students encounter diverse reference groups in college.
Step-by-step explanation:
From a sociological perspective, a group is considered to be any collection of individuals who share a common characteristic that connects them on a social level. This could include shared interests, social status, culture, or community. Such groups can be incredibly diverse, ranging from family units joined by blood, marriage, or adoption, to members of a punk band fan club, or participants in social movements like the Tea Party or MeToo. Sociologists are keenly interested in studying these groups as they offer a wealth of information about society's structure, how values are shared and transmitted, and how individuals interact within and between groups.
There are several types of groups that are commonly analyzed in sociology, including primary groups like families or tightly-knit friend circles, and secondary groups which are often larger and less personal, such as a university or a workplace. These form part of the backbone of sociological study and are often examined through different theoretical lenses, such as Functionalist, Conflict, and Interactionist perspectives, each offering unique insights into the roles and challenges presented by groups within society.
For a student entering college, the notion of a reference group becomes particularly relevant. Reference groups serve as a standard measure that individuals use to evaluate themselves. When entering a new social environment such as a college campus, one may find various groups that align with different aspects of their identity, thereby influencing their social interactions and integration into campus life.