Final answer:
The mentioned statement refers to the Theory of Evolution, which is a well-supported explanation of the natural world in biology. This theory is substantiated through years of evidential support in the form of observation and experiments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement 'All life on earth has evolved from a common, primitive organism through the process of natural selection' is most similar to a Theory. In the scientific realm, a theory is a well-supported explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses, and facts. The statement provided is referring to the Theory of Evolution, a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that has been confirmed through repeated observation and experimentation. It is based on the premise that all life has evolved from common ancestors through the process of natural selection over billions of years.
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