Final answer:
The nurse should instruct the client to increase her daily intake of folate, as it is vital for preventing birth defects and supporting fetal growth and development.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nurse should advise the client to increase her daily intake of folate. Folate, or vitamin B9, is a crucial nutrient for the development of the fetus and helps prevent birth defects such as neural tube defects, which can lead to conditions like spina bifida. The Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine recommends a daily intake of at least 400 µg/day of folate from supplements or fortified foods for women who are pregnant or may become pregnant.
Dietary sources rich in folate include leafy green vegetables, fruits, nuts, legumes, and whole wheat. It is important for the mother to consume adequate nutrients, not only for her own health but also to support the normal growth and development of the fetus. Substances like caffeine, sodium, and artificial sweeteners do not need to be increased during pregnancy and, in the case of caffeine and certain sweeteners, should be limited.