Water molecules (H2O) are composed of two hydrogen atoms (H) and one oxygen atom (O). Within a water molecule, the bonds are:
Covalent Bonds: The oxygen atom forms covalent bonds with the two hydrogen atoms. In a covalent bond, atoms share electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration. Each hydrogen atom shares one electron with the oxygen atom, resulting in a covalent bond.
Between water molecules (intermolecular bonds):
Hydrogen Bonds: Water molecules are attracted to each other through hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds form between the positively charged hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the negatively charged oxygen atom of another water molecule. These hydrogen bonds are weaker than the covalent bonds within the water molecule but are responsible for many of the unique properties of water, such as its high boiling point, surface tension, and its ability to dissolve various substances.