Final answer:
The bacterial capsule and flagella are two bacterial cell structures associated with virulence and pathogenicity. The bacterial capsule protects the bacteria and aids in host infection, while flagella enable movement towards optimal locations in the host for infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Two bacterial cell structures that are associated with virulence, or disease-causing ability, and pathogenicity are the bacterial capsule and flagella. The bacterial capsule provides protection for the bacterial cell. It hides the bacterial cell from the host's immune system, preventing its destruction and allowing the bacteria to establish an infection. It also helps the bacteria adhere or stick to the surfaces of host cells, a crucial step in the infection process. It also prevents dehydration and protects against antibiotics.
On the other hand, flagella are hair-like structures that allow the bacteria to move towards nutrients and away from harmful substances. This movement, known as chemotaxis, helps the bacteria reach optimal locations in the host for infection.
Therefore, both the bacterial capsule and flagella contribute to the virulence and pathogenicity of bacteria by protecting the bacteria, aiding in host infection, and enabling movement respectively.
Learn more about Bacterial Structures