1.) The plague is estimated to have surfaced in October of 1347 when 12 ships coming in from the Black Sea docked at the Sicilian port of Messina. Rats carrying infected fleas contaminated environment and food, thus spreading the disease through Europe.
2.) The Great Flood and Famine of 1314. As the result of a flood, crops rotted in the ground and harvests failed and livestock died off. The mass shortage of food caused food prices to skyrocket. This led to an extreme rise in crime, disease, mass death, and even cases of cannibalism and infanticide. An estimated 5% of British population lost their lives to the Famine.
3.) Caused by a gradual rise in tension between France and England over territory. Edward III of England was displeased after Philip VI of France failed to fulfill to restore a part of Guienne that had been taken by Charles IV.
4.) The English's victory was to thank for their utilization of new weapons - specifically the longbow - that gave them an advantage over the French. However, the French won the Hundred Years War thanks to Joan of Arc's contributions.
5.) A Knight, essentially, is someone who serves a lord or noble and in return is paid in land. The age of Knights ended once countries began making their own proper militaries, which didn't require land as payment to do their job.
6.) She is a national symbol for her story and bravery - a peasant girl who ended up becoming the savior of France and ended up paying for it in the end.
7.) The Bubonic Plague is an infection by a bacteria known as Yersinia Pestis which is mostly spread by fleas. Fleas cling to rats, thus infecting them. Due to living conditions, rats linger close and come into contact with humans and their environment. As a result, the disease reached humans and spread due to the lack of understanding of medicine and proper hygiene at the time.