Question

You need to know how to compare the original DNA sequence and the mutated sequence, transcribe to RNA then translate to amino acid sequence, and determine what type of mutation it is.

Answer 1

Essentially, one needs to compare base pairs in DNA sequences, transcribe DNA to RNA (with 'T' replaced by 'U'), and translate RNA to amino acids using codons.

Step-by-step explanation:

To compare the original DNA sequence and the mutated sequence, you look at each base pair to identify where they differ.

Next, for transcription, the DNA is transcribed to RNA in the nucleus by RNA polymerase where 'T' sequences are replaced by 'U'.

During translation, the mRNA (RNA from the transcription) is translated into an amino acid sequence in the ribosome. Each group of 3 bases, known as a codon, corresponds to a specific amino acid.

Mutations can result in amino acid change, this can be a missense mutation (different amino acid), nonsense mutation (stop codon, ends translation), or silent mutation (same amino acid).

To determine the type of mutation, you'd compare the amino acid sequence of the original and mutated DNA.

Learn more about DNA Mutation