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Use power series to evaluate the following limits 46. lim x→0

1+x−e x
1−cos(x)
47. lim x→0
x 3
tan(x)−x

User Subbeh
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1 Answer

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Alright, let's evaluate the two given limits.

For the first limit, we want to find lim (x→0) of (1+x-e^x)/(1-cos(x)).

The Taylor series expand of e^x is 1 + x + x^2/2! + x^3/3!....and of cos(x) is 1 - x^2/2! + x^4/4!...

So expanding the limit expression:

(1+x-e^x)/(1-cos(x)) = (1+x-(1 + x + x^2/2! + x^3/3! +...))/(1-(1 - x^2/2! + x^4/4!...))

This simplifies to: (x^2/2! + x^3/3! +...)/(x^2/2! - x^4/4!...)

Dividing every term by x^2 gives: (1/2! + x/3! +...)/(1/2! - x^2/4!...)

Taking the limit as x approaches 0, all terms containing x vanish, leaving only the constant terms:

lim (x→0) = 1/2!

Therefore, lim (x→0) of (1+x-e^x)/(1-cos(x)) is equal to 2.

Next, for the second limit we find lim (x→0) of (x^3)/(tan(x)-x).

The Taylor series expand of tan(x) is x + x^3/3 + 2*x^5/15...

Substituting for tan(x) in the limit expression gives:

lim (x→0) = x^3/(x + x^3/3 + 2*x^5/15 -x)

Simplifying: lim (x→0) = x^3/(x^3/3 + 2*x^5/15)

Dividing every term by x^3 gives: lim (x→0) = 1/(1/3 + 2*x^2/15)

Taking the limit as x approaches 0, all terms containing x vanish, leaving only the constant term:

lim (x→0) = 1/(1/3)

Therefore, lim (x→0) of (x^3)/(tan(x)-x) is equal to 3.

User Wilnelia
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