Final answer:
The Constitution establishes the Supreme Court as the head of the Judicial Branch. The U.S. has two court systems, federal and state, with the federal system including the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts of Appeal, and District Courts. Lifetime tenure for federal judges and justices aims to guarantee judicial independence.
Step-by-step explanation:
The only court the Constitution creates is the Supreme Court, and it is the highest court in the land and head of the Judicial Branch. The two court systems in the United States are the federal and state court systems. The federal system, established under the Constitution, comprises not only the Supreme Court but also lower courts, such as District Courts and Circuit Courts of Appeal, which were created by Congress to handle federal matters. The state court systems handle laws and civil matters within their own states.
Judicial Branch organization includes the Supreme Court at the top, followed by the Circuit Courts of Appeal, and the District Courts at the lower level. These courts interpret the laws, ensuring justice and constitutionality of legislative actions.
The appointment of federal judges and Supreme Court justices for life, or lifetime tenure, is intended to insulate them from political pressures and ensure impartiality in their decision-making processes.