Answer:1. Geographic location: Tenochtitlan was situated on an island in Lake Texcoco, making it difficult to access and defend. The city was connected to the mainland by causeways, which could be blocked or destroyed, isolating the Aztecs and cutting off their supply lines.
2. Lack of allies: The Aztecs had many enemies among the neighboring indigenous groups, who were oppressed by the empire's tribute system. These enemies were willing to ally themselves with the Spanish conquistadors, providing them with crucial support and information.
3. Disease: The arrival of the Spanish brought devastating diseases, such as smallpox, to which the Aztecs had no immunity. The spread of these diseases rapidly weakened the Aztec population, making it easier for the Spanish to conquer them.
4. Internal divisions: The Aztec empire was not a unified entity, but a collection of conquered city-states. This led to internal divisions and resentments among the indigenous populations, which the Spanish exploited to their advantage.
5. Technological superiority: The Spanish had superior weaponry, including guns, cannons, and metal armor, which gave them a significant advantage over the Aztecs' traditional weapons. This technological disparity played a crucial role in the conquest.
Overall, a combination of geographical factors, lack of allies, the impact of disease, internal divisions, and technological superiority made the Aztec empire and its capital vulnerable to conquest by the Spanish.
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