(a) Through a deductive method, researchers would start with a theoretical framework, such as a hypothesis suggesting that higher education reduces prejudice. They would collect data, possibly through surveys, to test this hypothesis. Statistical analysis would determine if there's a significant negative correlation between education level and prejudice, supporting or refuting the initial hypothesis.
(b) Using an inductive approach, researchers would begin with observations and data without a predefined hypothesis. They might gather qualitative data, conduct interviews, and analyze themes to generate theories about the relationship between education and prejudice. This emergent theory could highlight nuanced connections between the two variables not initially considered.