The genetic resources used to make modified corn come from different sources, including other corn varieties and even unrelated organisms. Scientists want to add these genes to corn for various reasons.
One common source of genetic resources for modified corn is other corn varieties. These varieties may possess specific traits that scientists want to incorporate into a new variety of corn. For example, some corn varieties may be resistant to certain pests or diseases, while others may have higher yield potential or enhanced nutritional content. By introducing genes from these varieties into a target corn plant, scientists can transfer these desired traits.
In addition to corn varieties, scientists may also use genetic resources from unrelated organisms. This is possible due to the universality of certain genetic processes across different species. For instance, genes from bacteria can be introduced into corn to make it produce its own natural pesticide, which reduces the need for chemical insecticides. This approach is often used in genetically modified corn varieties.
The specific genes added to corn depend on the desired outcome. For example, scientists may add genes for insect resistance to protect the corn from pests. They may add genes for herbicide tolerance, allowing farmers to use specific herbicides to control weeds without harming the corn plants. They may also add genes to enhance the nutritional value of the corn, such as increasing its vitamin content.
By incorporating these genes into corn, scientists aim to improve crop productivity, increase resistance to pests and diseases, reduce the need for chemical inputs, and enhance the nutritional value of the crop. These genetic modifications can help address various challenges faced by farmers and contribute to food security and sustainable agriculture.