1) Trawling: Fishing boats tow a net through the water to catch fish near the surface or ocean floor. It’s effective but can result in high bycatch.
2) Longlining: Setting out a long line with baited hooks to catch specific fish species like tuna. It can accidentally catch other species and has high bycatch rates.
3) Gillnetting: Using a net made of fine mesh to catch fish by their gills. It can catch specific species but also has unintended bycatch of non-target species.