Supposedly by Neils Bohr, the concentric rings around the nucleus of an atom is known as electron orbits, the path in which electrons orbit the atom. They are part of the atom where electron move about in circular orbit around the nucleus, like a planet orbiting a star.
However, in higher education you will learn that this model is inaccurate. In real life as far as scientists have researched, electrons actually orbit in lobed or spherical shape areas of the atoms. There is not definite circular path and the movement of electrons is random within said orbitals.
Circular orbitals are known as S orbitals while lobed shape orbitals can be P , D , F orbitals which are lobes of orbitals arranged in different sequences.