A 43-year-old man with diffuse abdominal pain and vomiting, along with yellowish discoloration of his sclera, likely indicates that he has excess serum bilirubin. This can be indicative of a condition known as jaundice or icterus. Elevated levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream can lead to the yellowing of the skin and sclera (the white part of the eyes), causing the characteristic yellow appearance often associated with jaundice. Jaundice can be caused by various factors, including liver diseases, hemolysis (destruction of red blood cells), and other conditions affecting the processing of bilirubin in the body. It's important for the individual to seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.