Final answer:
The probability that a female student does not have an A is 0.4 or 40%. This is found by subtracting the total number of As and male students without an A from the total number of students, then dividing the number of females without an A by the total number of female students.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student wants to know the probability that a female student does not have an A in the class. We know that the class has 19 students, 10 are female, and 8 have an A. We are also told that there are 7 male students who do not have an A. To find the number of female students without an A, we subtract the total number of As from the total number of students, and then subtract the number of male students without an A. This leaves us with the number of students who could be female without an A.
First, let's find the total number of students who do not have an A:
19 students (total) − 8 students (with an A) = 11 students (without an A).
Next, let's subtract the male students who do not have an A from this number:
11 students (without an A) − 7 students (male without an A) = 4 students, who must be female without an A.
Now we calculate the probability that a female student does not have an A:
4 female students without an A ÷ 10 female students = 0.4 or 40%.
The probability that a female student does not have an A is 0.4, or 40%.