The grievance "For imposing taxes on us without our consent" was addressed by the U.S. Constitution in Article I, Section 7, which states that all bills for raising revenue must originate in the House of Representatives, the branch of Congress that is directly elected by the people. This ensures that citizens have a say in the creation of tax laws.
The grievance "For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us" was addressed in the Third Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which prohibits the government from forcing citizens to house soldiers during peacetime without their consent.
The grievance "For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury" was addressed in the Sixth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which guarantees individuals the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury in criminal cases. This amendment also includes the right to be informed of the charges against you, to confront witnesses, and to have legal counsel.