Final answer:
Spoofing primarily affects the authentication process, where an attacker forges data to impersonate a legitimate user, though it can also indirectly impact other security aspects like integrity, non-repudiation, and authorization.
Step-by-step explanation:
Spoofing primarily affects the authentication process in security foundations. Authentication is the process used to verify that someone or something is who or what it claims to be. In a spoofing attack, an attacker pretends to be a legitimate user by forging data to gain an illegitimate advantage. For example, email spoofing involves sending messages from a fake email address that appears to be from a legitimate source, in an attempt to trick the recipient into divulging sensitive information.
While spoofing can also impact the integrity, non-repudiation, and authorization aspects of security to some extent, the most direct impact is on authentication. Spoofing might not, by itself, alter data (integrity), prevent the attribution of actions to a specific individual (non-repudiation), or directly grant permissions (authorization).