Continuous Supply of Fresh Water:
Physical Process: Water cycle (evaporation, condensation, precipitation) where water is evaporated from oceans, lakes, and rivers, forms clouds, and falls back to the Earth as rain, maintaining a continuous supply of freshwater.
Chemical Process: None specified, but water's chemical properties (H2O) remain consistent during the water cycle.
Rich Topsoil for Plants to Grow:
Physical Process: Natural weathering of rocks and minerals over time, erosion, and decomposition of organic matter contribute to the creation of nutrient-rich topsoil.
Chemical Process: Decomposition of organic matter (humus) releases nutrients into the soil, enriching its composition.
Materials for Building Houses:
Physical Process: Extraction of raw materials (wood, stone, metal ores, etc.) from the Earth's crust, followed by processing, refining, and manufacturing to create construction materials.
Chemical Process: Various chemical reactions might be involved in the extraction, refinement, and processing of raw materials.
Food Supply for Animals and People:
Physical Process: Plant growth through photosynthesis, which involves the conversion of sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water into energy-rich molecules, providing the basis of the food chain.
Chemical Process: Photosynthesis in plants involves complex chemical reactions that convert light energy into chemical energy.
Humus Adds Fertility to the Soil:
Physical Process: Accumulation of organic matter from decomposed plants and animals in the soil.
Chemical Process: Decomposition of organic matter releases nutrients and forms humic acids, which improve soil structure and nutrient retention.
Presence of Air Pollutants:
Physical Process: Emission of pollutants from various sources such as vehicles, industrial processes, and natural sources into the atmosphere.
Chemical Process: Reaction of pollutants with atmospheric components, leading to the formation of secondary pollutants and contributing to air quality degradation.
Greenhouse Effect:
Physical Process: Certain gases in the Earth's atmosphere (such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor) trap heat from the sun, creating a natural warming effect.
Chemical Process: Interaction between greenhouse gases and infrared radiation leads to the retention of heat in the atmosphere.
Climate Change:
Physical Process: Alteration of the Earth's climate patterns over extended periods due to changes in temperature, precipitation, and atmospheric conditions.
Chemical Process: Increased greenhouse gas emissions and other human activities can contribute to changes in the chemical composition of the atmosphere, affecting climate.
Global Warming:
Physical Process: Gradual increase in the Earth's average surface temperature due to the enhanced greenhouse effect.
Chemical Process: Increased concentrations of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide, in the atmosphere contribute to trapping more heat.
Water and Land Pollution:
Physical Process: Discharge of pollutants (industrial waste, agricultural runoff, sewage) into water bodies and soil.
Chemical Process: Chemical contaminants from various sources can contaminate water and soil, affecting their composition and quality.