Answer:
Throughout the three major dynastic periods in ancient Egypt, the political philosophy of the Egyptian government evolved significantly. However, it is important to note that the term "feminist system" did not apply to the ancient Egyptian government. Here is an overview of the political philosophies observed during these periods:
1. Old Kingdom (c. 2686-2181 BCE): The political philosophy during the Old Kingdom primarily revolved around an absolute monarchy. The pharaoh held absolute power and was considered a divine ruler. The governing principle was known as "Ma'at," which emphasized the stability and harmony of the kingdom. The pharaoh's authority was unquestioned, and government officials were appointed based on their loyalty to the pharaoh.
2. Middle Kingdom (c. 2055-1650 BCE): During the Middle Kingdom, the political philosophy continued to focus on absolute monarchy. However, there was an increased emphasis on the pharaoh's role as a caretaker for the people. The concept of "Mentuhotep," meaning "the one who brings stability," gained prominence, reflecting the pharaoh's responsibility to maintain order and justice.
3. New Kingdom (c. 1550-1077 BCE): The political philosophy of the New Kingdom retained elements of an absolute monarchy but also witnessed the growth of a more centralized government. This period saw the rise of powerful pharaohs who expanded Egypt's empire and established administrative systems to govern the conquered territories. The pharaoh maintained their divine status, with theocracy playing a significant role in their rule.
Regarding the inclusion of capitalism and monotheism in the political philosophy of ancient Egypt, it is important to note that these concepts were not prominent during these dynastic periods. Capitalism, as an economic system based on private ownership and free markets, did not exist in ancient Egypt. Trade and commerce played a crucial role, but it was largely regulated and controlled by the state.
Similarly, while aspects of monotheism developed during the reign of Akhenaten in the 18th dynasty, it did not dominate the overall political philosophy of ancient Egypt. The ancient Egyptians were predominantly polytheistic, attributing power and authority to numerous deities, with the pharaoh often considered a representation or embodiment of divine authority.
In summary, the political philosophy of ancient Egypt throughout the three major dynastic periods primarily revolved around an absolute monarchy, with an emphasis on the pharaoh's divine rule and the maintenance of stability and order. Capitalism and monotheism did not play significant roles during these periods.