Answer:
To calculate the percent of hydration, total oxygen, and copper in copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, we need to consider the molar mass of each element.
First, let's start with the chemical formula of copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, which is CuSO4 · 5H2O.
1. Calculate the molar mass of the entire compound:
Cu: 1 atom * atomic mass = 1 * 63.55 g/mol = 63.55 g/mol
S: 1 atom * atomic mass = 1 * 32.07 g/mol = 32.07 g/mol
O: 4 atoms * atomic mass = 4 * 16.00 g/mol = 64.00 g/mol
H: 10 atoms * atomic mass = 10 * 1.01 g/mol = 10.10 g/mol
Total molar mass = 63.55 + 32.07 + 64.00 + 10.10 = 169.72 g/mol
2. Calculate the molar mass of the water molecules (pentahydrate part):
H2O: 5 molecules * molar mass = 5 * (2 * 1.01 g/mol + 16.00 g/mol) = 90.10 g/mol
3. Calculate the percent of hydration:
Percent of hydration = (molar mass of water / molar mass of the compound) * 100
Percent of hydration = (90.10 g/mol / 169.72 g/mol) * 100 = 53.01%
4. Calculate the percent of total oxygen:
Percent of total oxygen = (molar mass of oxygen / molar mass of the compound) * 100
Molar mass of oxygen: 4 atoms * atomic mass = 4 * 16.00 g/mol = 64.00 g/mol
Percent of total oxygen = (64.00 g/mol / 169.72 g/mol) * 100 = 37.71%
5. Calculate the percent of copper:
Percent of copper = (molar mass of copper / molar mass of the compound) * 100
Percent of copper = (63.55 g/mol / 169.72 g/mol) * 100 = 37.47%
Therefore, in copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, the percent of hydration is 53.01%, the percent of total oxygen is 37.71%, and the percent of copper is 37.47%.