Question

Sleep apnea is a disorder in which you have one or more pauses in breathing or shallow breaths while you sleep. In a cross-sectional study of 310 adults who suffer from sleep apnea, it was found that 186 had gum disease. Note: In the general population, about 17.5% of individuals have gum disease. Complete parts (a) through (c) below. Click here to view the standard normal distribution table (page 1). Click here to view the Click here to view the table and normal distribution table (page 2). critical t-values. (a) What does it mean for this study to be cross-sectional? O A. The data were obtained over the course of time and the study was an experiment. OB. The data were obtained over the course of time and the study was an observational study. O C. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an observational study. OD. The data were obtained at a specific point in time and the study was an experiment. (b) What is the variable of interest in this study? Is it qualitative or quantitative? Explain. Identify the variable of interest. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Whether a person has sleep apnea or not. OB. Whether a person has gum disease or not. OC. The proportion of gum disease present in those with sleep apnea. OD. Whether a person with sleep apnea has gum disease or not. Determine whether the variable in question is qualitative or quantitative. Choose the correct answer below. O A. Quantitative-the variable can be numerically measured. OB. Quantitative-the variable classifies the individuals in the study OC. Qualitative—the variable can be numerically measured, OD. Qualitativethe variable classifies the individuals in the study (c) Estimate the proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease with 99% confidence. Interpret your result. Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes to complete your choice. (Use ascending order. Round to three decimal places as needed.) O A. There is 99% confidence that the population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease is between and OB. 99% of the population lies in the interval between and OC. There is a 99% chance that the true population proportion of individuals who suffer from sleep apnea who have gum disease is between and

Answer 1

(a) C. The data were obtained at a specific point in time, and the study was an observational study.

(b) OB. Whether a person has gum disease or not. The variable of interest is qualitative as it categorizes individuals based on the presence or absence of gum disease.

(c) The estimated proportion of individuals with sleep apnea who have gum disease with a 99% confidence interval is: between 0.528 and 0.668.

(a) The study being cross-sectional means that data was collected at a specific point in time rather than over a period. Additionally, it was an observational study, meaning that researchers observed and analyzed existing data without intervention or manipulation of variables.

(b) The variable of interest in this study is whether a person has gum disease or not. It's qualitative because it categorizes individuals into groups based on the presence or absence of gum disease, rather than assigning numerical values.

(c) Estimating the proportion of individuals with sleep apnea who have gum disease involved calculating a confidence interval. With 99% confidence, it's estimated that between 52.8% and 66.8% of individuals suffering from sleep apnea have gum disease based on the sample data. This interval provides a range where we are 99% confident the true population proportion lies.