Answer:
Entirety of China
Step-by-step explanation:
During Mao Zedong's regime, particularly during the early years of the People's Republic of China, there were indeed efforts to improve urban income and life expectancy through various policies and initiatives. However, it's important to note that Mao's policies also led to significant social and economic challenges, including the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution, which had negative impacts on the country's development.
The policy you're referring to is the one-child policy, which was implemented in China to address the issue of overpopulation. This policy was established in 1979 by the Chinese government under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping, after Mao Zedong's era. The one-child policy restricted urban couples to having only one child in an effort to control population growth. It was eventually relaxed and replaced with a two-child policy in 2015, and then further relaxed to a three-child policy in 2021.
So, to answer your question: The one-child policy was established during the era after Mao Zedong, specifically during Deng Xiaoping's leadership, and it was implemented throughout China, not in a specific region.