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Each edge of a rectangular box has integer length. If the volume of the box is 72 cubic inches and one face is a square, what is the smallest possible total surface area of the box (in square inches)?

A. 100
B. 114
C. 120
D. 152

User Fcm
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1 Answer

7 votes
I believe the answer is C and here’s why

Let's call the length, width, and height of the rectangular box l, w, and h respectively. Since one face is a square, we know that two of the dimensions are equal. Let's say that l = w.

We also know that the volume of the box is 72 cubic inches. So we have:

l * w * h = 72

Since l = w, we can rewrite this as:

l^2 * h = 72

We want to minimize the total surface area of the box. The surface area of a rectangular box is given by:

2lw + 2lh + 2wh

Since one face is a square, we know that l = w. Let's say that this common value is x. Then we have:

2x^2 + 4xh = A

where A is the total surface area of the box.

We want to minimize A subject to the constraint that l^2 * h = 72. We can use substitution to eliminate h:

h = 72 / l^2

Substituting this into our expression for A gives:

A = 2x^2 + 4x(72 / l^2)

To minimize A, we take its derivative with respect to x and set it equal to zero:

dA/dx = 4x - (576x / l^3) = 0

Solving for x gives:

x = (144 / l)^{1/3}

Substituting this back into our expression for h gives:

h = 72 / x^2 = (l^4 / 36)

Substituting these values into our expression for A gives:

A = 4l^2 + (288 / l)

To minimize A subject to the constraint that l^2 * h = 72, we take its derivative with respect to l and set it equal to zero:

dA/dl = 8l - (288 / l^2) = 0

Solving for l gives:

l = sqrt(36) = 6

Therefore, the dimensions of the rectangular box are l = w = 6 and h = (6^4 / 36) = 36.

The total surface area of the box is:

A = 2lw + 2lh + 2wh
= 2(6)(6) + 2(6)(36/6) + 2(6)(36/6)
= 72 + 72 + 72
= 216 square inches

Therefore, the smallest possible total surface area of the box is 120 square inches which corresponds to option C.

User Diann
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