1. The question of who had more influence over whom between America and Europe in the 20th century is subjective and can vary depending on the specific context being considered. Both America and Europe had significant influences on each other during this period. Here are three examples:
- Cultural Influence: American popular culture including movies music and fashion had a significant impact on Europe during the 20th century. American films such as Hollywood productions reached a global audience and influenced European filmmaking. Similarly American music genres like jazz and rock 'n' roll gained popularity in Europe and influenced European music scenes.
- Political Influence: Throughout the 20th century America played a crucial role in European politics particularly during World War I and II. The United States intervened militarily in both conflicts and provided significant aid to European countries. The post-World War II period also saw America's influence through initiatives like the Marshall Plan which aimed to rebuild Europe's economy.
- Technological Influence: America's advancements in technology and innovation had a profound impact on Europe during the 20th century. The rise of the automobile industry for instance originated in America but had far-reaching effects globally including in Europe. Additionally advancements in aviation and aerospace technology driven by American companies like Boeing and NASA influenced European aerospace industries.
2. Richard Strauss the German composer is a controversial figure in relation to Nazi Germany. While he did accept the position as President of the State Music Bureau for Nazi Germany in 1933 it is debated whether he was a Nazi or not. Some argue that Strauss had no ideological connections to the Nazi party and accepted the position solely to ensure the survival of his music and protect other musicians from persecution. He used his position to support and protect Jewish musicians including his personal friends. However others criticize him for collaborating with the Nazi regime even if his actions were aimed at protecting himself and fellow musicians.
Ultimately the question of whether Richard Strauss was a Nazi or not is a matter of interpretation and can depend on individual perspectives and the specific evidence considered.