Question

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1. Explain the process of transpiration in plants and its role in the movement of water through the plant.

2. How does the structure of the stomata facilitate gas exchange in plants?

3. Describe the process of photosynthesis in plants, including the role of chlorophyll and the overall equation for photosynthesis.

4. What are the essential factors required for photosynthesis to occur in plants?

5. Differentiate between autotrophic nutrition in plants and Heterotropic nutrition

6. Explain the role of roots in water absorption and mineral uptake from the soil.

7. Describe the process of transportation of water and nutrients in plants through the xylem and phloem.

8. What is the importance of guard cells in regulating the opening and closing of stomata?

9. How do plants respire and what are the main respiratory organs in plants?

10. What is the importance of translocation in plants and how is it different from transpiration?​

Answer 1

The process of photosynthesis is commonly written as: 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2. This means that the reactants, six carbon dioxide molecules and six water molecules, are converted by light energy captured by chlorophyll (implied by the arrow) into a sugar molecule and six oxygen molecules, the products.

Answer 2

1.

Transpiration is the process by which water evaporates from the leaves of plants. This water is then replaced by water from the roots, which is drawn up through the xylem.

Transpiration helps to move water through the plant, and it also helps to cool the plant.

2.

Stomata are small pores on the surface of leaves. They are surrounded by guard cells, which control the opening and closing of the stomata. When the guard cells are turgid, the stomata open. When the guard cells are flaccid, the stomata close.

Gas exchange occurs through the stomata. Carbon dioxide enters the leaves through the stomata, and oxygen leaves the leaves through the stomata.

3.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. Chlorophyll is a green pigment that captures sunlight and uses it for photosynthesis.

The overall equation for photosynthesis is:

`\sf 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + sunlight \longrightarrow C_6H_(12)O_6 + 6O_2`

4.

The essential factors required for photosynthesis to occur in plants are:

• Sun light
• Carbon dioxide
• Water

5.

Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which plants produce their own food.

Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms obtain their food from other organisms.

Plants are autotrophs, while animals are heterotrophs.

6.

The roots of plants absorb water and minerals from the soil. The water is then transported up the xylem to the leaves. The minerals are transported up the xylem and down the phloem.

7.

The xylem is a vascular tissue in plants that transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.

The phloem is a vascular tissue in plants that transports sugars and other nutrients from the leaves to the rest of the plant.

8.

Guard cells are the cells that surround the stomata. They control the opening and closing of the stomata by changing their turgor pressure. When the guard cells are turgid, the stomata open. When the guard cells are flaccid, the stomata close.

9.

Plants respire through leaves. leaves contain stomata which inhale carbon dioxide and exhale oxygen.

The main respiratory organs in plants are the leaves.

10.

Translocation is important because connects distant components of the plants and transport sugars in plant.

It if different from transpiration as transpiration occurs at day and occurs against gravity but translocation occurs at night and occurs at any direction.

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