1. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plant leaves through tiny pores called stomata. It helps pull water from roots to leaves, maintaining upward movement.
2. Stomata are small openings on leaves that allow gas exchange. Their structure with guard cells regulates opening and closing, controlling gas intake and water loss.
3. Photosynthesis uses chlorophyll in plant cells to convert light energy, carbon dioxide, and water into glucose and oxygen. Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
4. Light, carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll, and suitable temperature are needed for photosynthesis.
5. Autotrophic nutrition involves producing food within the plant using sunlight, while photosynthesis specifically refers to the conversion of light energy into chemical energy.
6. Roots absorb water and minerals from soil through root hairs and transport them through the vascular tissue to the rest of the plant.
7. Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to leaves, while phloem carries sugars and other nutrients from leaves to other parts of the plant.
8. Guard cells control stomatal openings, regulating gas exchange and water loss to prevent excess transpiration.
9. Plants respire by taking in oxygen and releasing carbon dioxide. Respiratory organs include roots, stems, and leaves.
10. Translocation is the movement of nutrients through the phloem, ensuring they reach various plant parts. It's distinct from transpiration, which is water loss through stomata.