Final answer:
The question involves formalizing an argument to prove that Bill, a vegetarian, does not eat pork. It requires using logical structures like universal instantiation, modus ponens, and hypothetical syllogism. Ananya's solution correctly uses these structures to form a valid deductive argument.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question addresses the formalization of an argument involving predicates and logical forms such as universal instantiation, modus ponens, and hypothetical syllogism. The goal is to set up premises that lead to a valid conclusion using deductive reasoning, which demands that if the premises are true, the conclusion necessarily follows.
The key components of the argument include defining what it means to be a vegetarian, what constitutes meat, and what constitutes pork. The student's task was to create valid premises that logically lead to the conclusion that Bill, being a vegetarian, does not eat pork.
Validity depends on the logical structure of the arguments rather than the truth of the premises. This logical structure can contain various forms, such as a disjunctive syllogism, where an either/or statement is resolved, or modus ponens, where the structure is 'If X, then Y; X is true; therefore, Y is true.' Ananya's solution, which ends with modus ponens, formally shows the correct logical sequence to reach the conclusion.