Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
The mode of communication of cholera is primarily through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Cholera is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and it is known for causing severe diarrhea and dehydration. The central idea of the passage is that the main mode of transmission for cholera is through the consumption of contaminated food or water.
Cholera bacteria can be found in the fecal matter of infected individuals, and when proper sanitation practices are not followed, it can contaminate water sources and food. This contamination can occur due to various factors such as inadequate sewage systems, poor hygiene practices, or improper handling and storage of food.
When a person consumes food or water contaminated with Vibrio cholerae, the bacteria can survive in the acidic environment of the stomach and reach the small intestine. Once in the small intestine, the bacteria multiply rapidly and produce a toxin called cholera toxin. This toxin causes the cells lining the intestine to release large amounts of water and electrolytes, leading to profuse watery diarrhea characteristic of cholera.
It is important to note that direct person-to-person transmission of cholera is relatively rare. However, in areas with poor sanitation and overcrowding, such as during outbreaks or in refugee camps, person-to-person transmission can occur through fecal-oral route. This can happen when an infected individual does not practice proper hygiene after using the toilet and contaminates objects or surfaces that others come into contact with.
In addition to contaminated food and water, other potential modes of transmission include eating raw or undercooked seafood from contaminated waters or coming into contact with fecal matter from infected individuals while caring for them without proper protective measures.
To prevent the spread of cholera, it is crucial to focus on improving sanitation infrastructure, promoting good hygiene practices such as handwashing with soap, ensuring safe drinking water sources, and implementing proper food handling and storage techniques. Vaccination against cholera is also available and can provide protection against the disease.
In conclusion, the central idea of the passage is that the primary mode of communication of cholera is through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Proper sanitation, hygiene practices, and access to safe drinking water are essential in preventing the transmission of this infectious disease.