Answer:
look at the explanation
Step-by-step explanation:
While I don't have direct access to the images you mentioned, I can discuss the general aspects of city planning in the Indus Valley civilization and provide a response to your prompts based on the information you've provided.
1. **Advanced City Planning in the Indus Valley Civilization:**
The city planning in the Indus Valley civilization, as seen in the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa, indicates an advanced society in several ways. First, the cities displayed a well-organized grid system of streets, indicating a systematic urban layout. This not only allowed efficient movement of people and goods but also showcased a level of urban planning not commonly seen in many ancient civilizations. Second, the presence of sophisticated drainage systems, including covered drains, suggests a concern for public health and sanitation. This reflects an understanding of the importance of hygiene and communal well-being. Finally, the standardized construction materials and techniques used in buildings, including brick size and uniformity, indicate a level of technical expertise and standardized practices that contributed to the overall aesthetic and functional aspects of the cities.
2. **Comparison with Modern Cities:**
Comparing the cities of Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa to modern cities, several aspects come to light. Firstly, the advanced urban planning and sanitation systems present in the ancient Indus Valley cities can be contrasted with the complex infrastructure and facilities in modern cities. While we have evolved in terms of technology and infrastructure, the focus on organized layouts and sanitation remains a hallmark of advanced societies. Additionally, public works in the form of road networks, sewage systems, and water supply, which were prominent in the Indus Valley civilization, find parallels in modern cities, albeit with more advanced materials and techniques.
3. **Public Works Then vs. Now:**
The public works systems of the Indus Valley civilization can be compared with those of modern times. In the ancient cities, the advanced drainage systems and well-constructed roads demonstrated a commitment to public welfare, addressing hygiene and mobility concerns. In modern cities, public works have evolved significantly, with advanced sewage treatment, intricate road networks, and more complex utilities. While the fundamental principles remain similar—enhancing public health, movement, and overall quality of life—the technological advancements and scale of modern public works reflect the progress of societies over millennia.
In summary, the city planning of the Indus Valley civilization illustrates their advanced societal characteristics through sophisticated urban layouts and innovative public works. Comparing to modern cities, we can see a continuum of priorities centered around organized living spaces and communal well-being, though adapted to the technological advancements of each era.