Question

TOPIC: THE READING PROCESS

"By providing pre-reading activities, teachers can help learners become successful readers. Pre-
reading activities increase comprehension by activating students' prior knowledge and generating
interest in the topic."
https://ellii.com/blog/pre-reading-activities-to-boost-comprehension
1.1 Consider the statement above. Create a pre-reading game or use a game that already exists which
teachers can play in class with IP EFAL learners as part of the pre-reading exercise. The game should
require accessible, practical material and it should not cost anything to develop or play the game
in class.
(10)
1.2 Consider the comprehension below.
1.2.1 Explain what pre-reading activities they would do.
(3)
1.2.2 How they will go about to activate the learners' prior knowledge before reading the text. (3)
1.2.3 Describe a vocabulary building game that learners can play in class to prepare them for reading
the text.
(4)
(20)
Why Does the Ocean Have Waves?
The ocean is never still. Whether observing from the beach or a boat, we expect to see waves on the horizon. Waves are
created by energy passing through water, causing it to move in a circular motion. However, water does not actually travel in
waves. Waves transmit energy, not water, across the ocean and if not obstructed by anything, they have the potential to
travel across an entire ocean basin. Waves are most commonly caused by wind. Wind-driven waves, or surface waves, are
created by the friction between wind and surface water. As wind blows across the surface of the ocean or a lake, the continual
disturbance creates a wave crest. These types of waves are found globally across the open ocean and along the coast. More
potentially hazardous waves can be caused by severe weather, like a hurricane. The strong winds and pressure from this
type of severe storm causes storm surge, a series of long waves that are created far from shore in deeper water and intensify
as they move closer to land.
Other hazardous waves can be caused by underwater disturbances that displace large amounts of water quickly such as
earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions. These very long waves are called tsunamis. Storm surge and tsunamis are not
the types of waves you imagine crashing down on the shore. These waves roll upon the shore like a massive sea level rise
and can reach far distances inland. The gravitational pull of the sun and moon on the earth also causes waves. These waves
are tides or, in other words, tidal waves. It is a common misconception that a tidal wave is also a tsunami. The cause of
tsunamis are not related to tide information at all but can occur in any tidal state

Answer 1

Step-by-step explanation:

1.1 Pre-Reading Game: "Word Association Relay"

Materials Needed: Whiteboard/chalkboard, markers/chalk, small whiteboards (optional), and markers for each group of learners.

Instructions:

Divide the class into small groups (4-5 learners per group).

Write a keyword related to the ocean and waves (e.g., "ocean," "waves," "tsunamis," "tides," "wind," "storm surge") on the whiteboard.

Each group takes turns coming up to the board and writing as many related words or phrases as they can think of within a time limit (e.g., 2 minutes).

Encourage learners to activate their prior knowledge and share their ideas with the group.

After the time limit, each group gets points for unique and relevant responses.

The game continues with a new keyword related to the text until all groups have had a chance to participate.

1.2 Comprehension Activities:

1.2.1 Pre-Reading Activities:

Before reading the text "Why Does the Ocean Have Waves?" teachers could:

Show learners images or videos related to the ocean and waves to generate interest and curiosity.

Ask learners about their previous experiences with the ocean or any knowledge they have about waves to activate their prior knowledge.

Introduce key vocabulary (e.g., "waves," "surface waves," "tsunamis," "tides," "storm surge") and discuss their meanings.

1.2.2 Activating Prior Knowledge:

Teachers can ask questions such as:

Have you ever been to the beach or observed the ocean? What did you notice about the waves?

What do you know about different types of waves, like tsunamis or tides?

Have you experienced severe weather like hurricanes? How do you think they might impact ocean waves?

1.2.3 Vocabulary Building Game: "Wave Word Wall"

Materials Needed: Large chart paper, markers, sticky notes or index cards.

Instructions:

Create a word wall on the chart paper with key vocabulary words from the text (e.g., "waves," "surface waves," "tsunamis," "tides," "storm surge").

Divide the class into teams and give each team a set of sticky notes or index cards.

Set a time limit (e.g., 5 minutes) and ask each team to write as many definitions or descriptions of the words on their sticky notes or index cards.

After the time limit, teams take turns sticking their definitions/descriptions on the word wall under the corresponding vocabulary word.

As a class, review and discuss the definitions/descriptions, making corrections or additions if necessary.

This game will help learners build their vocabulary and deepen their understanding of key terms before reading the text.

Using these pre-reading activities and vocabulary building game, learners can be better prepared and engaged in the reading of "Why Does the Ocean Have Waves?" The interactive nature of the games allows for active participation, and activating their prior knowledge helps create connections to the text, enhancing their comprehension and learning experience.