C) Components that produce work done through electric energy
This definition best fits: bulbs. Bulbs convert electric energy into light and heat, thereby performing work in the context of an electrical circuit.
Now, moving onto the other components:
A) Components that do the work of giving off light, lighting
This definition also describes: bulbs. They emit light as a form of energy.
B) Components that supply a circuit with electric energy
This definition corresponds to: cells. Cells, or in other terminology batteries, provide the necessary electric potential energy to power a circuit.
D) Components that cut off and put on electric flow of charge
This definition is a good match for: switches. Switches can interrupt or resume the flow of electric current in a circuit.
E) Components that are paths that allow charges to pass through
This definition is fitting for: conductors. Conductors, usually made of materials like copper or aluminum, allow electric charges to flow freely.