1. Marbury v. Madison (1803) - Established judicial review power of Supreme Court to deem acts unconstitutional.
2. McCulloch v Maryland (1819) - Upheld federal power to charter bank, established broad federal power over states.
3. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) - Congress has power to regulate interstate commerce under Commerce Clause.
4. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) - Slaves are property, blacks can't be citizens. Increased tensions over slavery.
5. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) - Upheld racial segregation under "separate but equal." Led to Jim Crow era discrimination.
6. Schenck v. United States (1919) - Limited free speech if poses "clear and present danger." Used to prosecute anti-war activists.
7. Korematsu v. United States (1944) - Upheld Japanese internment camps during WWII. Infringed civil liberties.
8. Mapp v. Ohio (1961) - Evidence obtained illegally can't be used in state prosecutions. Strengthened 4th Amendment rights.
9. Engel v. Vitale (1962) - Banned official school prayer. Strengthened separation of church and state.
10. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) - Banned racial segregation in schools. Catalyst of civil rights movement.
11. Miranda v. Arizona (1966) - Required police to inform suspects of rights. Protected 5th Amendment rights.
12. Regents v. Bakke (1978) - Upheld affirmative action but banned racial quotas in college admissions.
13. United States v. Virginia (1996) - Ruled VMI's male-only admissions policy unconstitutional under equal protection.
14. Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) - Protected student right to protest Vietnam War by wearing black armbands. Upheld free speech.
15. United States v. Nixon (1974) - Limited executive privilege, ordered Nixon to release Watergate tapes. Upheld rule of law.