Multiple choice
1. Which of the following statements is false regarding changes in circulation at birth?
After birth, the build-up of CO2 and decreases in O2 in blood cause the infant to take its first breath.
Expansion of the lungs due to breathing decreases their resistance to blood flow.
Blood pressure within the left atrium increases, causing the foramen ovale to close.
The umbilical arteries remain patent (open), supplying blood to the newly formed ligamentum teres of the liver.
The ductus venosus becomes the ligamentum venosum of the liver.
2. The ureteric buds arise from the:
Pronephros.
Cephalic end of the mesonephric ducts.
Caudal end of the mesonephric ducts.
Proximal end of the metanephrogenic blastemata.
Urogenital sinus.
3. The urinary bladder:
Is a derivative of the midgut.
Is entirely formed from the endoderm.
Is formed entirely from mesoderm.
Is a derivative of the urogenital sinus.
Forms from the allantois.
4. Ascent of the mammalian kidneys to their respective adult positions within the body cavity is due to:
Migration of the ureteric buds craniad.
Differential growth of the body in the lumbar and sacral regions around the forming kidneys.
Migration of the metanephrogenic mesoderm.
The presence of the gubernaculum and its relationship to the developing testis.
Differential growth of the ureteric bud faster than the surrounding mesoderm.