Answer:
Classical School of Criminology
Step-by-step explanation:
The Classical School of Criminology, which Cesare Beccaria was a prominent figure in, advocates for the use of rationality, free will, and the social contract in understanding criminal behavior. This school of thought opposes the use of torture and the death penalty as forms of punishment and emphasizes the need for proportionate and humane punishments that deter crime and protect society while respecting the rights of individuals.