Answer: Article III of the United States Constitution grants the power to establish lower courts in the United States Congress. Specifically, Section 1 of Article III states:
"The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish."
Step-by-step explanation:
This clause provides Congress with the authority to create and organize the federal court system, including the Supreme Court of the United States and various lower federal courts. Congress has used this power to create the system of federal district courts, appellate courts (circuit courts of appeals), and specialized courts, such as the Court of Federal Claims and the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. Acts of Congress determines the organization, jurisdiction, and procedures of these lower courts.