Answer:
(a) Cause and Effect: The unexpected outcome of the loyalty oath among the citizens was that it created divisions among the Japanese Americans. Those who signed the loyalty oath were seen as collaborators, while those who refused were seen as disloyal. This led to tensions and conflicts within the community.
(b) Speculate: Papa was worried about a NO NO vote by the whole block because it would mean that the entire block would be seen as disloyal and might be sent to the Tule Lake internment camp, which was known to be a harsher camp for those who were considered disloyal.
(c) Distinguish: Papa believed that fighting in the war was a mistake and that it was wrong to ask Japanese Americans to fight for a country that had treated them so unfairly. His son, on the other hand, believed that fighting in the war was a way to prove their loyalty to America and to show that they were not the enemy.
(d) Make a judgement: Given what we know about WW2 and Japanese internment, I find Papa's position more convincing. Japanese Americans were treated unfairly and were forced to live in internment camps, despite being American citizens. Asking them to fight for a country that had treated them so poorly seems unjust. Furthermore, many Japanese Americans who did fight in the war were still seen as the enemy and were discriminated against even after the war ended.