Answer:
(a) CH3COONa, CH3OH: Pentanoic acid reacts with CH3COONa (sodium acetate) and CH3OH (methanol) to form the ester pentyl acetate. The equation for this reaction is:
Pentanoic acid + CH3COONa + CH3OH → Pentyl acetate + NaOH
(b) EtOH, H+: Pentanoic acid reacts with EtOH (ethanol) and H+ (acid) to form the ester ethyl pentanoate. The equation for this reaction is:
Pentanoic acid + EtOH + H+ → Ethyl pentanoate + H2O
(c) SOCl2: Pentanoic acid reacts with SOCl2 (thionyl chloride) to form pentanoyl chloride. The equation for this reaction is:
Pentanoic acid + SOCl2 → Pentanoyl chloride + SO2 + HCl
(d) NH3, H2O (g): Pentanoic acid reacts with NH3 (ammonia) and H2O (water) to form pentanoic acid ammonium salt. The equation for this reaction is:
Pentanoic acid + NH3 + H2O → Pentanoic acid ammonium salt
(e) 1. LiAlH4, Et2O; 2. H2O: Pentanoic acid reacts with 1. LiAlH4 (lithium aluminum hydride) in Et2O (diethyl ether) and 2. H2O (water) to form pentanol. The equation for this reaction is:
1. Pentanoic acid + LiAlH4 + Et2O → Pentanol
2. Pentanol + H2O → Pentanol + H2O
(i) 1. CH3Li, Et2O; 2. H2O: Pentanoic acid reacts with 1. CH3Li (methyl lithium) in Et2O (diethyl ether) and 2. H2O (water) to form pentane. The equation for this reaction is:
1. Pentanoic acid + CH3Li + Et2O → Pentane
2. Pentane + H2O → Pentane + H2O