Question

First state and carefully explain the first formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative (the first formulation is found on p. 138 also p. 560, and be sure to use the2 Instructor’s Notes on Kant to help you); use examples as part of your answer. Second, state and carefully explain the second formulation of the Categorical Imperative (found on p. 139 also p. 560, and be sure to use the Instructor’s Notes on Kant to help you); use examples as part of your answer. Third, explain how both formulations are related to the concept of universal human rights, giving examples of specific human rights that are guaranteed by the Categorical Imperative as part of your answer

Answer 1

Kant's Categorical Imperative has two formulations:

Act according to principles that can be universal laws for everyone.

Example: Lying is wrong since a world where everyone lies would be chaotic.

Treat individuals as ends, respecting their dignity, not merely as means to your goals.

Example: Manipulating others for personal gain is unethical; we should respect their autonomy.

Both formulations align with universal human rights, such as freedom, dignity, fairness, and truthfulness.