Answer:
The two parts of the excerpt that suggest that doctors, like lawyers, are part of the superficial middle-class world of nineteenth century Russia are:
2. "It was all just as it was in the law courts. The doctor put on just the same air towards him as he himself put on towards an accused person."
5. "All this was just what Ivan Ilyich had himself brilliantly accomplished a thousand times in dealing with men on trial. The doctor summed up just as brilliantly, looking over his spectacles triumphantly and even gaily at the accused."
These parts show that the doctor's behavior is similar to that of a lawyer, who is also part of the superficial middle-class world of nineteenth century Russia.