Answer:
According to the thinking of philosophers, which of the following DOES NOT represent a contradiction in the philosophical writings and the personal beliefs or actions of these famous philosophers?
A. Immanuel Kant's dismissal of the comments of a black slave and his writing about morality.
B. Socrates being forcibly executed for his beliefs about human nature and truth.
C. David Hume's advocacy of equality for all people and his belief that those living below the equator were inferior to those living north of the equator.
D. John Locke's defense of freedom and democracy while participating in the slave trade in Virginia.
Step-by-step explanation:
- Choice B is the best answer choice. Socrates being executed for his beliefs is an example of fascism and censorship. His execution is not contrary to his beliefs, but in fact, reinforces his disdain for democracy.
- Choice A is incorrect. Kant's argument that morality is determined by duty and actions is contrary to his dismissal of a black slave. His action, the dismissal, in itself, is immoral because of his inability to acknowledge a different point of view.
- Choice C is incorrect. Hume cannot advocate for equality for ALL people while simultaneously holding views of inferiority and superiority. The sole fact that he esteems one group of people higher than the other, disrupts his advocacy for equality.
- Choice D is incorrect. Locke's ideas of life, liberty, and property cannot coincide with enslavement and trading in Virginia. Enslaving is far removed from freedom and liberty.