Answer:
1. The social groupings of "castes" originated and developed in ancient India as a way of dividing society based on occupation and social status. The caste system was originally based on the idea that each person had a specific role to play in society and that this role was determined by their birth. Over time, the caste system became more rigid and hierarchical, with each caste having its own set of rules and restrictions. The lowest castes were often subjected to discrimination and oppression, while the highest castes enjoyed significant privileges and power.
2. The guru-disciple relationship is an important aspect of modern Indian culture, particularly in the context of religious and spiritual practices. In this relationship, the guru (teacher) provides guidance and instruction to the disciple (student) in a variety of areas, including spiritual practice, meditation, and philosophical inquiry. The relationship is often characterized by a deep sense of trust and respect, with the disciple viewing the guru as a source of wisdom and inspiration. The relationship is often marked by a formal initiation ceremony, in which the guru imparts a sacred mantra or other spiritual teaching to the disciple. The guru-disciple relationship is often seen as a lifelong commitment, with the disciple remaining loyal to the guru even after the guru's death.
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