Answer:
1. Make insulin
2. Making genetically identical animals (e.g., Dolly the sheep)
3. Make vaccines
4. Perform gene therapy
Step-by-step explanation:
The following objectives are achieved through gene cloning:
Make insulin: Gene cloning techniques are frequently used to generate enormous amounts of insulin. In yeast or bacterial cells, the human gene that makes insulin is introduced, acting as a "factory" to create insulin.
Gene cloning can be used to produce genetically identical animals (like Dolly the sheep) by a procedure known as somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). The first mammal to be cloned using this method was Dolly the sheep.
Making Vaccines: Gene cloning is a component of the vaccine-making process. Scientists can create proteins that imitate the antigens seen on the surface of viruses by cloning certain genes from those pathogens. The creation of vaccines can then be done using these recombinant proteins.
Perform gene therapy: To deliver functional copies of genes to patients with hereditary diseases, gene therapy uses cloning procedures. The patient's cells receive the cloned genes to supplement or replace the defective genes, perhaps fixing the underlying genetic problem.