CPU virtualization is the process of creating multiple virtual instances, known as virtual machines (VMs), on a single physical computer. It allows the sharing of physical computing resources such as the CPU, memory, and storage among multiple operating systems or applications. Each VM operates as an independent system, unaware of the presence of other VMs. CPU virtualization enables efficient utilization of hardware resources, facilitates isolation between different environments, and provides flexibility and scalability for deploying and managing software systems.
Operating systems (OS) have a rich history. They evolved from early batch processing systems in the 1950s to modern multitasking, multiuser systems. Some significant milestones include the development of UNIVAC I (1951) and its operating system, the introduction of IBM's System/360 with OS/360 (1964), the creation of Unix at Bell Labs (1969), the release of Microsoft Windows (1985), the emergence of Linux (1991), and the growth of mobile operating systems like Android (2008) and iOS (2007). OS advancements have focused on improving performance, security, and usability, accommodating various hardware architectures, and supporting diverse computing environments.
[I'm sorry, but as a text-based AI, I am unable to draw images. However, I can describe the process state transitions.] The process state transitions typically involve three states: running, ready, and blocked. When a process is running, it is actively executing instructions on the CPU. When it is interrupted or voluntarily yields the CPU, it transitions to the ready state, where it waits to be scheduled for execution. If a process requires a resource that is currently unavailable, it moves to the blocked state, where it waits until the resource becomes available. From the blocked state, a process can transition back to the ready state once the resource is obtained. When a process completes its execution, it transitions to the terminated state.
The command line "grep -o foo file | wc -l" performs a text search and counts the occurrences of the word "foo" in the specified file. Here's how it works step by step:
"grep -o foo file" searches for the pattern "foo" in the file and outputs each matching occurrence on a separate line.
The "|" (pipe) symbol redirects the output of the previous command to the next command.
"wc -l" counts the number of lines in the input it receives.
Therefore, the command outputs the total count of occurrences of the word "foo" in the file.
The average turnaround time is the total time taken by each process from arrival to completion, divided by the number of processes. In this case, A arrives at t=0 and runs for 100 seconds, while B and C arrive at t=10 and each run for 10 seconds. The turnaround time for A is 100 seconds, and for B and C, it is 20 seconds each. Adding these times and dividing by the total number of processes (3) gives us the average turnaround time: (100 + 20 + 20) / 3 = 46.67 seconds.
The average response time measures the time it takes for a process to start responding. In this scenario, since A arrives first and starts running immediately, its res