Answer:
d. research management.
Step-by-step explanation:
The terms operations research, management science, and quantitative analysis are often used interchangeably to refer to the field of using mathematical and analytical methods to aid in decision-making and problem-solving in various areas of management. These terms encompass similar concepts and approaches.
However, research management refers to a different domain that involves managing and overseeing research activities within an organization. It focuses on coordinating research projects, allocating resources, ensuring adherence to ethical guidelines, and overseeing the research process. While research management may involve elements of operations research or quantitative analysis, it is a distinct discipline focused on the management of research activities rather than the application of mathematical and analytical methods to decision-making.