Question

In "Morals and Medicine," what is Frey's conclusion when it comes to experimenting on animals and/or human beings? painful experiments are neither justified on animals nor on human beings if painful experiments are justified on animals, they are also justified on some human beings even if painful experiments are justified on animals, they cannot be justified on human beings none of the above What is one of the main arguments of the article "Whose Body is it Anyway"? that people should be required to donate their organs that people should be required to sell their organs that the family's right to veto organ donation after the donor's death should be revoked none of the above According to Kluge in "Whose Body is it Anyway," the problem of giving the deceased person's family a right to veto organ retrieval lies in the possible infringement on the deceased person's autonomy and informed consent True False Most major organized religions vehemently oppose organ donation. True False

Answer 1

The information provided does not clearly state Frey's conclusions or the main arguments of Kluge's 'Whose Body is it Anyway'. However, it is true that Kluge addresses the ethical issue of families vetoing organ donation and it is generally false that most religions oppose organ donation.

Step-by-step explanation:

The ethical implications of medical research, particularly regarding experiments on animals and humans, have been a subject of debate. The central conclusion of Frey's 'Morals and Medicine' is not provided in the information given, so it is impossible to accurately answer what Frey's conclusion is regarding experimenting on animals and human beings without assuming or fabricating the content of the source. Similarly, Kluge's 'Whose Body is it Anyway' raises concerns about organ donation and the notion of informed consent, but a exact conclusion from the article cannot be given without more context.

However, it is correct to assume that Kluge asserts that allowing families to veto organ retrieval could infringe upon the deceased person's autonomy and their prior informed consent – a statement that is true. Moreover, the claim that most major organized religions vehemently oppose organ donation is generally false, as many support the concept as an act of charity or altruism.

Discussions around ethics in scientific research and clinical trials often reference the Kantian ethic of treating individuals as ends in themselves, which is central to ensuring that human participants in research provide informed consent and are not merely used as a means to an end. When it comes to the use of animals in research, there is a strong sentiment for the necessity of humane treatment, and the NIH guidelines are mentioned as a mitgating framework.

Answer 2

Frey's conclusion is that painful experiments are neither justified on animals nor on human beings. He argues that animals are capable of feeling pain and suffering, and that we therefore have a moral obligation not to inflict pain on them unnecessarily.

Note that He also argues that human beings have a fundamental right to be free from pain and suffering, and that this right should not be violated even in the name of scientific research.

So, One of the main arguments of the article "Whose Body is it Anyway" is that the family's right to veto organ donation after the donor's death should be revoked. The author argues that this right is based on the outdated notion of property rights over the body, and that it should be superseded by the principle of maximizing the overall good.