The significance of noncoding dna to dna identification is:
Many regions of noncoding DNA play a role in controlling gene activity, meaning they help determine when and where specific genes are turned on or off. Other regions of non-coding DNA are important for protein assembly. By altering one of these regions, a variant (also called a mutation) in the non-coding DNA can turn on the gene and cause the protein to be produced in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Alternatively, the variant can reduce or completely switch off the production of an important protein if required. Not all non-coding DNA changes affect health, but those that alter the template of a critical protein can disrupt normal development or cause health problems.
In addition to enhancer elements, non-coding DNA variants can disrupt other regulatory elements. These other elements include promoters to which gene integration proteins bind; isolators with attached proteins that affect gene activity in various ways; and silencers to which gene switch proteins bind.
Certain regions of noncoding DNA provide instructions for making certain types of RNA molecules that play a role in regulating gene activity or protein assembly. Variants that disrupt these functional RNA molecules, such as transfer RNAs, microRNAs, or long non-coding RNAs, have also been implicated in the disease.