Answer:
In complex civilizations, people typically obtain food through a combination of agriculture, hunting, gathering, fishing, and trade. The specific methods and strategies for acquiring food can vary depending on the time period, geographical location, and cultural practices of the civilization in question.
Agriculture is often a fundamental component of food production in complex civilizations. People cultivate crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, or vegetables, depending on the region and available resources. They clear land, prepare fields, plant seeds, and tend to the crops, providing water and protection from pests and diseases. Once the crops reach maturity, they are harvested and stored for consumption or trade.
Hunting and gathering were essential in early civilizations and foragers. People would hunt animals for meat, gather edible plants, fruits, nuts, and roots, and fish in rivers, lakes, or coastal areas. Hunting and gathering were typically supplemented by agricultural practices as civilizations developed.
Fishing is another significant source of food for civilizations located near bodies of water. Communities establish fishing techniques, including nets, traps, spears, and boats, to catch fish and other marine resources.
Trade also played a crucial role in acquiring food in complex civilizations. Different regions have different climates, resources, and agricultural practices. Trade networks enabled the exchange of surplus food between regions, ensuring a more diverse diet and access to resources that were not locally available.
Additionally, livestock and animal husbandry are prevalent in many civilizations. People raise animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, or poultry for meat, milk, eggs, and other byproducts. Livestock provide a renewable source of food and materials such as wool, leather, or bones.
Step-by-step explanation:
Over time, technological advancements and social organization have influenced the methods of food production and distribution. From simple subsistence farming to sophisticated irrigation systems, crop rotation techniques, and the development of specialized farming communities, civilizations have continuously evolved their approaches to ensure a stable food supply for their populations.